Good tip with the superglue ! I've used liquid metal or araldite in the past for the same effect.
Re steel pistons, well its the fact that the auto industry is predisposed to use steel. It's strong & cheap. Strangely Aluminum is the worlds most abundant metal, its easily obtained, its easily processed & its easily worked. But because alloying was not really prevalent until the late twentieth century, industry used steel & is still a dinosaur using what it knows. R&D costs money after all. Besides, who's gonna buy my spare parts, if no rust & wear. Not to mention, people often think industry exists to make the perfect product, when reality is it exists purely to make profit & that means components designed down to a price point, that will survive the warranty period ! If it was not for reputation, most things would fail just after 1,2 or 3 year warranty period. Then you'd have to buy a replacement !
Alloy is a poor metal for brake caliper pistons due to its high thermal conductivity. Titanium is better, low heat conductivity, lighter than steel, high strength & no corrosion. But it would mean the pads run hotter, so may require different compounds. A Plastic or Polymer may be available that is suitable to cope with both the heat & pressure. But as disc surfaces can reach 500c, with much of that heat being absorbed through the pad & dissipated via the backing plate & the piston contact, then to the caliper body & brake fluid. Which is why brake fluid boils if the brakes are over worked !
YMMV